EV charging technology: Everything you need to know
The shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining momentum worldwide. As the backbone of the EV revolution, a reliable, efficient charging system is key. If you’re just starting your EV journey, understanding different charging technologies can seem daunting but we’re here to help.
This article aims to breakdown and simplify the world of EV charging technology, helping you make informed decisions.
Types of EV charging
There are primarily four types of EV charging, distinguished by the speed at which they can charge an EV battery:
1. Slow charging (3-6 kW):
This is the most basic type of charging, often used for overnight charging at home. Slow chargers typically deliver up to 3-6 kW power, fully charging an EV battery in 6-12 hours. Slow charging can be carried out using a standard plug socket, however, for optimised charging, it is recommended that a dedicated charging unit is installed by a dedicated installer.
2. Fast charging (7-22 kW):
Fast charging delivers a power output between 7 kW and 22 kW, charging an EV in 3-4 hours. You can typically find these chargers in public car parks and workplaces. A dedicated circuit is needed for this level of charging, requiring professional installation.
3. Rapid charging (43 kW AC and 50-100 kW DC):
Taking the lead from fast chargers, rapid chargers provide power output from 50 kW to 100kW, and depending on the EV model and battery capacity, can charge an EV up to 80% in just 20-30 minutes.
4. Ultra-rapid charging (100+ kW DC):
Ultra-rapid charging delivers power above 100 kW to 350 kW. For vehicles that accept 100 kW or more, these powerful stations can charge a battery from 20% to 80% in roughly 20 minutes. If an EV isn’t capable of accepting over 50 kW, these charge points can still be used, but the power will be restricted to the level the vehicle can handle.
AC and DC charging
Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) refer to the type of current delivered by the electric charge point. Most slow and fast chargers deliver an AC charge, which the car’s onboard converter then turns into DC to store in the battery. However, rapid chargers typically deliver a DC charge directly to the vehicle’s battery, achieving a much faster charge rate.
Connector types
Once you understand charging speed, the next step is familiarising yourself with different connector types. Your EV model will dictate what kind of connector you need. Some of the most common connector types are:
AC Charging
- Type 1: Standard US connector and is single phase only.
- Type 2: Standard EU connector and can carry three phase power.
DC Charging
- CHAdeMO: Used for rapid charging, typically by Asian manufacturers (Nissan, Toyota).
- CCS: Combines slow and rapid charging capabilities into one, predominantly used by US and EU manufacturers.
The benefits of each
- Slow chargers: These are cheaper to install and use, and they reduce strain on the electrical grid. They’re convenient and ideal for overnight, at home charging.
- Fast chargers: They provide a good balance between cost and speed, suitable for public spaces as they offer quicker charging times whilst shopping or working.
- Rapid chargers: These are perfect for long distance travel or commercial use where fast charging times are critical.
- Ultra-rapid chargers: As more sites install these, long trips in EVs are increasingly practical and efficient.
Remember, when choosing an EV charger, don’t just consider your present needs, but also your anticipated usage and future needs. Charging technology is evolving rapidly, and future-proofing your EV charging infrastructure can save you time and resources in the long run.
At Equans, we provide expert guidance to help you choose suitable EV charging solutions based on your specific needs. From planning to installation, we’re here to accompany you on your journey towards a greener future. Contact us today to embark on your EV journey.
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